Here is a visual aide to help you understand how we got into this financial crisis. The political aspects of everything have been left out of this video. It is more of a visualization to explain the process that happened. Many thanks to Brandon Meves for finding the video.
The Crisis of Credit Visualized from Jonathan Jarvis on Vimeo.
Showing posts with label mortgages. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mortgages. Show all posts
Wednesday, March 4, 2009
Tuesday, October 21, 2008
Economic Downturn: Part III
The most talked-about topic over these last few weeks has been the 700 billion dollar bailout/rescue plan that was proposed by the President and passed by Congress. I must admit, I have been dreading this post because I have yet to make clear sense of it in my own mind. Even my dad, to whom I look at times to glean economic and financial wisdom, said "Good luck with that one".
The first question is, what is the need for the bailout/rescue plan? What would happen if no plan were put into place?
I should preface with the fact that the amount of money a bank is able to loan out is regulated by the Federal Reserve System (The Federal Reserve System, or The Fed, is the central banking system of The United States, headquartered in Washington, D.C.) based on the amount of cash and the value of assets owned by that bank. As I mentioned in previous posts, the value of investments held by large investment banks has fallen dramatically, largely due to foreclosures and declining home values. Therefore, banks are not able to loan out as much money as they try to balance their assets to loan ratio. When banks become more strict in their lending policies, it becomes more difficult for someone to purchase a car, get a home loan, or receive a small business loan. You can imagine how this effects the auto industry and home construction industry. But this also keeps new businesses from starting or expanding, resulting in fewer jobs being available and so on.
Add to this the general fear that people had about the future of the economy. People were wanting to pull a lot of cash out of their bank accounts just for safe keeping. Cash is an asset for banks, and when their cash levels decline, it only worsens their lending ability. This is why one of the first things done by the Federal Reserve was to increase the Federal Deposit Insurance Company's (FDIC) limit on insured cash at a single bank from $100,000 to $250,000. (Basically, what it means to be FDIC insured is when you have a savings or checking account, and the bank is shut down or collapses, you are guaranteed to receive your cash up to the FDIC insured limit.)
Without the proposal of some sort of market protection plan, the financial markets' rapid decline mixed with increased fear would have sent our country straight back to 1929.
That brings us to the second question: What do we do now, and/or how should this $700 billion dollars be spent? That question is why I have taken two days to write this post. I have been reading opinions and recommendations from all sides and have yet to form a solid argument. Generally speaking, it has been determined that the majority of these funds will be used to buy up bad mortgages. The government will hold on to the rights of these properties until the values of the homes increase and they can be sold [ideally] at a profit. But how all of this will be played out is yet to be determined.
Phew! I think tomorrow's post will be a little lighter.
The first question is, what is the need for the bailout/rescue plan? What would happen if no plan were put into place?
I should preface with the fact that the amount of money a bank is able to loan out is regulated by the Federal Reserve System (The Federal Reserve System, or The Fed, is the central banking system of The United States, headquartered in Washington, D.C.) based on the amount of cash and the value of assets owned by that bank. As I mentioned in previous posts, the value of investments held by large investment banks has fallen dramatically, largely due to foreclosures and declining home values. Therefore, banks are not able to loan out as much money as they try to balance their assets to loan ratio. When banks become more strict in their lending policies, it becomes more difficult for someone to purchase a car, get a home loan, or receive a small business loan. You can imagine how this effects the auto industry and home construction industry. But this also keeps new businesses from starting or expanding, resulting in fewer jobs being available and so on.
Add to this the general fear that people had about the future of the economy. People were wanting to pull a lot of cash out of their bank accounts just for safe keeping. Cash is an asset for banks, and when their cash levels decline, it only worsens their lending ability. This is why one of the first things done by the Federal Reserve was to increase the Federal Deposit Insurance Company's (FDIC) limit on insured cash at a single bank from $100,000 to $250,000. (Basically, what it means to be FDIC insured is when you have a savings or checking account, and the bank is shut down or collapses, you are guaranteed to receive your cash up to the FDIC insured limit.)
Without the proposal of some sort of market protection plan, the financial markets' rapid decline mixed with increased fear would have sent our country straight back to 1929.
That brings us to the second question: What do we do now, and/or how should this $700 billion dollars be spent? That question is why I have taken two days to write this post. I have been reading opinions and recommendations from all sides and have yet to form a solid argument. Generally speaking, it has been determined that the majority of these funds will be used to buy up bad mortgages. The government will hold on to the rights of these properties until the values of the homes increase and they can be sold [ideally] at a profit. But how all of this will be played out is yet to be determined.
Phew! I think tomorrow's post will be a little lighter.
Saturday, October 18, 2008
Economic Downturn: Part II
Following the government rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in early September was the collapse of some of our largest investment banks in the country. On September 15th, Lehman Brothers, a global financial services firm, filed for bankruptcy. This was the largest bankruptcy filing in U.S. history. The biggest factor contributing to Lehman Brothers' collapse was the increasing number of failed home loans that I discussed in yesterday's post. Because of the incredible size of this company and the large effects it had in the financial market, stock prices fell dramatically on that Monday morning. Not only the stock price of Lehman Brothers, but a lot of other financial firms as well. If Lehman Brothers went under, who could be next?
And because the stock market's ups and downs are largely determined by the optimism or pessimism of where the economy is headed, the entire market took a huge hit that day and the days to follow. Every morning for two weeks I was looking at the paper to see which bank might be the next to go.
One financial firm that was suffering was AIG, one of the largest insurance companies in the world. You might ask how an insurance company is involved in mortgages and investments. Good question. In order for an insurance company to maximize its profits, (besides mailing you little pamphlets on how to be a safer driver) they invest the money they receive from their insured clients in many different ways - mortgages being one of them. Apparently, AIG could not find private funding to help them through their hard times, so the government loaned them up to 85 billion dollars for an 80% stake in the business. This is why you, as a taxpayer, now own an insurance company, and why it should bother you that a lot of wasteful spending is going on within the business.
Don't get me wrong. I'm all for private business and for the right of those businesses to pay their employees any salary they choose. But if you don't play by the rules, you're going to get kicked out of the game.
Next time, I will talk about the 700 billion dollar proposed rescue plan and what that means for us as taxpayers and citizens.
And because the stock market's ups and downs are largely determined by the optimism or pessimism of where the economy is headed, the entire market took a huge hit that day and the days to follow. Every morning for two weeks I was looking at the paper to see which bank might be the next to go.
One financial firm that was suffering was AIG, one of the largest insurance companies in the world. You might ask how an insurance company is involved in mortgages and investments. Good question. In order for an insurance company to maximize its profits, (besides mailing you little pamphlets on how to be a safer driver) they invest the money they receive from their insured clients in many different ways - mortgages being one of them. Apparently, AIG could not find private funding to help them through their hard times, so the government loaned them up to 85 billion dollars for an 80% stake in the business. This is why you, as a taxpayer, now own an insurance company, and why it should bother you that a lot of wasteful spending is going on within the business.
Don't get me wrong. I'm all for private business and for the right of those businesses to pay their employees any salary they choose. But if you don't play by the rules, you're going to get kicked out of the game.
Next time, I will talk about the 700 billion dollar proposed rescue plan and what that means for us as taxpayers and citizens.
Friday, October 17, 2008
What's going on?!
In light of the recent economic downturn, I felt it necessary to return to this blog and help out those who are seeking to make the most of these times. More so, I was encouraged today when I found out that a gentleman I had just met yesterday has been following The Dave Ramsey plan with his wife--all because of this blog.
Essentially, this is what Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae do. They are both government sponsored enterprises which mean they were charted by the government, but are actually privately owned. A mortgage company will sell its signed mortgages to Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae, who will then package them together (say 100 of them), and then sell them to investors in the secondary market. They refer to these investments as "mortgage-backed securities" because they are worth the values of the homes they represent.
Naturally, some of the mortgages in the pool of 100 will default, or at least be behind in their mortgage payments. But, the decline of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae started when more and more people fell behind in their payments than usual and foreclosures became much more common. Add to this the decline of home values. For so long, home values were on the rise. $150,000 was paid for a home that is now worth only $125,000.
For a while, interest rates were so low that everyone was buying a new home (or 2 or 3). There were also mortgages put into place that start the home buyer at a low interest rate, only to increase that rate to 8 or 10 percent after three years. (These are referred to as Adjustable Rate Mortgages, or ARMs) And on top of that, government policies were put into place that made it possible for people to buy a home with little to no money down for a deposit.
Unfortunately, this was all spotted too late in the game. The government paid a large sum of money to help Freddie and Fannie during this time. If the government did not do this, a snowball effect would have occurred, and the entire financial system would probably have tanked by now.
I just hope we have all learned our lesson on this one.
Some may be wondering how our country has gotten into this situation, why the stock market keeps falling, who is Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and how will one be effected by all of this if he does not own a single share of stock.
Let's start with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Say I have some money that I want to invest, while at the same time, you are looking to buy a house. I know you, you have a decent job, and you seem relatively trustworthy. I decide to loan you $150,000 at the going interest rate. You make a payment to me every month, and we are both happy. As you probably know, with every investment comes risk. I am taking on the risk that you might not make your monthly payments. Maybe you lose your job or come down with a fatal illness. In order to reduce my risk as an investor, it would make more sense for me to invest in 10 homes instead of one. If one home defaults, it isn't the end of the world.
Essentially, this is what Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae do. They are both government sponsored enterprises which mean they were charted by the government, but are actually privately owned. A mortgage company will sell its signed mortgages to Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae, who will then package them together (say 100 of them), and then sell them to investors in the secondary market. They refer to these investments as "mortgage-backed securities" because they are worth the values of the homes they represent.
Naturally, some of the mortgages in the pool of 100 will default, or at least be behind in their mortgage payments. But, the decline of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae started when more and more people fell behind in their payments than usual and foreclosures became much more common. Add to this the decline of home values. For so long, home values were on the rise. $150,000 was paid for a home that is now worth only $125,000.
For a while, interest rates were so low that everyone was buying a new home (or 2 or 3). There were also mortgages put into place that start the home buyer at a low interest rate, only to increase that rate to 8 or 10 percent after three years. (These are referred to as Adjustable Rate Mortgages, or ARMs) And on top of that, government policies were put into place that made it possible for people to buy a home with little to no money down for a deposit.
Unfortunately, this was all spotted too late in the game. The government paid a large sum of money to help Freddie and Fannie during this time. If the government did not do this, a snowball effect would have occurred, and the entire financial system would probably have tanked by now.
I just hope we have all learned our lesson on this one.
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